In Adobe, there are two colour 'types' which are CMYK and RGB. RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue, and these are the primary colours, so colours in Adobe can be shown with how much/little of that primary colours are used, and these colours are used in signs, banners, television screens, etc. CMYK is Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black which are the primary colours of pigment.
Colour Types

Monochromatic colour scheme is similar colours but varied in shade and intensity. In Adobe Kuler, you can try different colours and schemes to find the perfect one.

An analogous colour scheme is where the colours are next to each other in the colour circle, and evenly distributed. This makes the colours 'flow' nicely together.

Complementary is a simple yet effective colour scheme, where the colours involved are opposite each other in the colour circle. These colours are good at balancing each other, so the red used, for example, isn't too harsh and the green isn't too light.
Finally, there's the triad colour scheme, which is like a triangle's points in the colour wheel. These colours are evenly spaced and add a nice balance to the colour scheme.
Using colour schemes in Photoshop

In Photoshop, we had to create a weather 'app', or at least a home page for it. Based on the work we had done previously on colour we had to choose our own colour scheme to suit the theme of our 'app'.
I decided to go with a pastel-like theme, with a analogous theme because I liked the nice 'flow' of colours that suited each other well.
My end result turned out like this:

It took a while to make, but I learned a lot of new skills with Photoshop, like how to make icons, how to use font styles properly and how to use inner/drop shadows in shapes and/or fonts. I like my colour scheme as it links with the weather type (rain = blue), but it's also bright and colourful.
Your weather app looks great, nice job! Just for clarification, it's not just Adobe that uses CMYK and RGB, all things printed are in CMYK, and all things you see pm a screen are in RGB.
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